The PTTI 2009 Tutorials Session will take place on Monday, November 16, 2009. The Tutorials are intended for engineers, mathematicians, scientists or anyone who is new to the field of PTTI, as well as those who have been a part of the PTTI community. For information regarding the Tutorials, please contact Francine Vannicola at francine.vannicola@nrl.navy.mil, 202-404-4015 (DSN 754-4015).

The registration fee for the PTTI 2009 Tutorials Session is $250 received/postmarked on or before October 16 and $300 after October 16. The fee includes breakfast, lunch and a copy of the Tutorials presentations (notebook and CD). Also included in the fee are a Stable32 Student Version CD and the Handbook of Frequency Stability Analysis.

Session	Presenter
Introduction to Time and Frequency How Clocks Work Types of Clocks Terminology and Definitions Basic Measurements Time Systems and Ensembles	Joseph D. White U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
Clock Stability Analysis Practical Techniques for Stability Analysis Measurement Systems and Data Formats Pre-processing/Analysis Tools & Methods/Post-processing Stable32 Student Version CD & Handbook of Frequency Stability Analysis (included in Tutorials fee)	William J. Riley Hamilton Technical Services
Time Transfer Techniques Fundamental Techniques One-way Two-way Common-View Technique Capabilities Common Methods Used (Satellite, Internet, Radio Broadcasting)	Judah Levine National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) I and II Current and Future Systems Time References Interoperability Receiver Types and Calibration Methods Applications	Edward D. Powers Blair Fonville U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO)
IEEE 1588-2008: IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems - an Overview What is IEEE 1588 and How Does it Work? Performance Use and Technology Evolution Latest Results (from ISPCS-2009)	John C. Eidson University of California, Berkeley
An Introduction to Atomic and Quartz Clock Hardware for Space Applications Frequency Reference Sources Commercial/Navigation/Military/Scientific Application Similarities & Differences Frequency Reference Requirements Phase Noise and Stability Clock Types Crystal Oscillators Master Oscillator Groups Atomic Frequency Standards	Leo A. Mallette The Aerospace Corporation

Introduction to Time and Frequency
Joseph D. White, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

Joe White received his BS in Physics in 1969 from Western Kentucky University; his MS in 1974 and his Ph.D. in 1981 in Physics from American University. He's worked as a Research Physicist since 1973 at the Space Applications Branch of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. He is currently the head of the Advanced Technology Section with responsibility for GPS space clock development, space GPS receivers, GPS receiver testing and calibration, applications of GPS to military timing systems, precision clock testing, and environmental testing of clocks and timing hardware. Dr. White is the Chairman of the Executive Committee for the Precise Time and Time Interval System and Applications Meeting (PTTI) and a Member of IEEE Frequency Control Symposium Technical Program Committee.

Clock Stability Analysis
William J. Riley, Hamilton Technical Services

Bill Riley has worked in the area of frequency control his entire professional career. He is currently the Proprietor of Hamilton Technical Services, where he provides software and consulting services in that field, including the Stable program for the analysis of frequency stability. Mr. Riley collaborates with other experts in the time and frequency community to provide an up-to-date and practical tool for frequency stability analysis that has received wide acceptance within that community. From 1999 to 2004, he was Manager of Rubidium Technology at Symmetricom, Inc. (previously Datum), applying his extensive experience with atomic frequency standards to those products within that organization, including the early development of a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC). From 1980-1998, Mr. Riley was the Engineering Manager of the Rubidium Department at EG&G (now PerkinElmer), where his major responsibility was to direct the design of rubidium frequency standards, including high-performance rubidium clocks for the GPS navigational satellite program. Other activities there included the development of several tactical military and commercial rubidium frequency standards. As a Principal Engineer at Harris Corporation, RF Communications Division in 1978-1979, he designed communications frequency synthesizers. From 1962-1978, as a Senior Development Engineer at GenRad, Inc. (previously General Radio), Mr. Riley was responsible for the design of electronic instruments, primarily in the area of frequency control. He has a 1962 BSEE degree from Cornell University and a 1966 MSEE degree from Northeastern University. Mr. Riley holds six patents in the area of frequency control, and has published a number of papers and tutorials in that field. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, and a member of Eta Kappa Nu, the IEEE UFFC Society, and served on the PTTI Advisory Board. He received the 2000 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium I.I. Rabi Award for his work on atomic frequency standards and frequency stability analysis.

Time Transfer Techniques
Judah Levine, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Judah Levine is a Fellow of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is the leader of the Network Synchronization Project in the Time and Frequency Division, which is located in the NIST laboratories in Boulder, Colorado. Dr. Levine is responsible for the design and implementation of the time scales AT1 and UTC(NIST), which provide the reference signals for all of the NIST time and frequency services. In addition, he designed and built the servers that support the Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) and the Internet Time Service, which provide time and frequency information to users in a number of different digital formats. The ACTS service is realized using a number of parallel computers that control a 30-line telephone rotary. The ACTS service receives about 12,000 requests per day. The Internet Time Service uses 24 computers which are located at several sites in the US. These computers receive about 3000 million (3 billion) requests per day for time stamps in 3 different standard formats. He received his Ph.D. in Physics from New York University in 1966. Dr. Levine is a member of the IEEE and a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) I and II
Edward D. Powers and Blair Fonville, U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO)

Ed Powers received his BS and MS degrees in Electronic Engineering and Instrumental Science from the University of Arkansas in 1984 and 1987, respectively. In 1987, he joined the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory as an engineer working on the GPS clock development program. In 1997, he joined the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) in Washington, D.C., and is the GPS Operations Division Chief responsible for development of improved precise time synchronization and GPS timing.

Blair Fonville received his MS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alabama. In 2003, he joined the U.S. Naval Observatory as an engineer. His primary focus at USNO is the characterization of noise processes and precision measurement of phase delays through communication systems equipment such as the Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTT) System and GPS.

IEEE 1588-2008: IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems - an Overview
John C. Eidson, University of California, Berkeley

The last 5 years has seen increasing interest in the use of synchronized clocks in distributed system architectures. This is a direct result of the achievable synchronization performance using protocols such as IEEE 1588 and the availability of commercial silicon and infrastructure supporting these protocols. This talk will provide an overview of the operation and the performance of IEEE 1588 and a discussion of existing and potential applications of IEEE 1588.

John C. Eidson received his BS and MS degrees from Michigan State University and his Ph.D. from Stanford University, all in electrical engineering. He held a postdoctoral position at Stanford for two years after receiving the PhD. He then spent 6 years with the Central Research Laboratory of Varian Associates where he worked on device physics and analytic instrumentation. In 1972 he joined the Central Research Laboratories of the Hewlett-Packard Company working on a variety of projects including analytic instrumentation, electron beam lithography, and instrumentation architectures. When Hewlett-Packard split in 1999 he joined the Central Research Laboratory of Agilent Technologies and retired in 2009. Dr. Eidson is currently a visiting scholar at the Center for Hybrid Embedded Software Systems at the University of California at Berkeley. For the past 15 years his work has centered on instrument system architectures and infrastructure. He was heavily involved in the IEEE 1451.2 and IEEE 1451.1 standards and is an active participant in the LXI Consortium. He is the chairperson of the IEEE 1588 standards committee. Dr. Eidson is a life fellow of the IEEE, a recipient of the 2007 Technical Award of the IEEE I&M Society, and a co-recipient of the 2007 Agilent Laboratories Barney Oliver Award for Innovation.

An Introduction to Atomic and Quartz Clock Hardware for Space Applications
Leo A. Mallette, The Aerospace Corporation

Accurate and stable frequency reference sources are critical for commercial, navigation, military and scientific space applications. Each piece of flight hardware has requirement-types that are generic such as size, weight, power, and reliability, and requirement-types that are specific to the hardware function. The key requirement-types for frequency reference sources are phase noise and stability. Several levels of frequency references are suitable for space applications. This tutorial discusses similarities and differences among single distributed quartz oscillators for communications satellites, master oscillator groups for communications systems, and atomic clocks for military and navigation systems. Photographs from several manufacturers are presented.

Leo Mallette provides technical and programmatic support at The Aerospace Corporation to a national security spacecraft program with the communications subsystem as his primary area of responsibility. Previously, he worked in system engineering and subcontract management of satellite systems at the Boeing Company for 30 years - including the Milstar and GPS atomic clocks. He is nationally known for his expertise in quartz and atomic clocks and his strengths are building relationships with aerospace contractors and gathering the best resources to apply to technical issues. He received the BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Central Florida and the MBA and Ed.D. (in organizational leadership) degrees from Pepperdine University. Dr. Mallette has published over 60 conference and peer-reviewed journal articles on atomic frequency standards, satellite systems, ground stations, optical detectors, root-cause investigation, genealogy, organizational ethics, publishing, and pruning trees. He is the co-editor of The SPELIT Power Matrix (2007), is working on the book Writing for Conferences, and his dissertation topic was Publishing Rates of Graduated Education Ph.D. and Ed.D. Students. Dr. Mallette is an adjunct business faculty at Pepperdine University and the University of Phoenix's doctoral program, and was an Instructor of Engineering at the University of Central Florida. Leo is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a member of the advisory board for the Precise Time and Time Interval Conference, and a board member of the Society of Educators and Scholars.